Basic Civil Engineering MCQ – Source and Classification of Stones
Q.1 Which one of the following is not a classification of stones?
A. Mineralogical Classification
B. Practical Classification
C. Physical Classification
D. Chemical Classification
Ans : Mineralogical Classification
Q.2 Stones are obtained from rocks that are made up of:
A. Minerals
B. Crystals
C. Ores
D. Chemical compounds
Ans : Minerals
Q.3 At what depth and rate is a hypabyssal rock formed?
A. Quick cooling of magma at a shallow depth
B. Rapid cooling of magma at a shallow depth
C. Slow cooling of magma at considerable depth
D. Rapid cooling of magma at Earth’s surface
Ans : Quick cooling of magma at a shallow depth
Q.4 The hot molten material occurring naturally below the surface of the Earth is called:
A. Slag
B. Tuff
C. Lava
D. Magma
Ans : Magma
Q.5 Which factor disturbs the equilibrium of rocks, commencing metamorphism?
A. Decrease in temperature and pressure
B. Decrease in pressure
C. Increase in temperature
D. Increase in temperature and pressure
Ans : Increase in temperature and pressure
Q.6 What is a sedimentary deposit?
A. Weathered product carried away in solution
B. Insoluble weathered product is carried away in suspension
C. Weathered product remains at site
D. Weathered product gets carried away agents
Ans : Insoluble weathered product is carried away in suspension
Q.7 Which of the following rocks are hard and durable?
A. Siliceous rocks
B. Carbonaceous rocks
C. Argillaceous rocks
D. Calcareous rocks
Ans : Siliceous rocks
Q.8 Which of the following is not a metamorphic change?
A. Limestone to marble
B. Granite to gneisses
C. Calcite to schist
D. Shale to slate
Ans : Calcite to schist
Q.9 Granite is a type of:
A. Metamorphic rock
B. Volcanic rock
C. Plutonic rock
D. Hypabyssal rock
Ans : Plutonic rock
Q.10 Foliated structure is very common in case of:
A. Plutonic rocks
B. Metamorphic rocks
C. Sedimentary rocks
D. Igneous rocks
Ans : Metamorphic rocks
Source and Classification of Stones
Introduction to Stones:
- Definition: Stones are naturally occurring solid masses or aggregates of minerals. They form the basic building blocks of many structures in civil engineering.
- Importance: Stones are widely used in construction for various purposes, such as foundations, walls, pavements, and decorative elements.
Sources of Stones:
- Quarries: Stones are generally obtained from quarries, which are natural deposits of rocks. Quarries can be open-pit or underground, and their locations impact the availability of specific types of stones.
- Rivers and Streams: Some stones are found in riverbeds or streambeds, where natural processes have deposited them over time.
- Hills and Mountains: Stones can also be sourced from hills and mountains where geological processes have exposed rock formations.
Classification of Stones:
- Geological Classification: Stones can be classified based on their geological origin, such as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks.
- Igneous Stones: Formed from cooling and solidification of molten magma (e.g., granite, basalt).
- Sedimentary Stones: Result from the accumulation and consolidation of sediments (e.g., limestone, sandstone).
- Metamorphic Stones: Formed from the alteration of existing rocks due to heat and pressure (e.g., marble, slate).
- Physical Classification: Stones can also be classified based on their physical properties.
- Density: Stones can be categorized as light, medium, or heavy based on their density.
- Porosity: The degree of openness of the stone’s texture affects its resistance to weathering.
- Durability: Stones are classified as highly durable, moderately durable, or less durable based on their ability to withstand environmental factors.
Selection Criteria:
- Strength: The stone should have sufficient strength to bear the loads and stresses imposed on it in the structure.
- Durability: Stones should be resistant to weathering, chemical action, and other environmental factors to ensure long-term stability.
- Appearance: Aesthetic considerations play a role in selecting stones for decorative purposes.
- Availability: The ease of sourcing and transporting stones should be considered in construction projects.
Testing and Quality Control:
- Various laboratory tests, such as compressive strength tests, water absorption tests, and abrasion tests, are conducted to assess the quality and suitability of stones for specific applications.
- Quality control measures are essential to ensure that stones used in construction meet the required standards.
Understanding the source and classification of stones is crucial for engineers and construction professionals to make informed decisions about the selection and use of stones in different types of construction projects.